Cities of emerging economies are the engines of growth because if villages cater to agriculture and allied activities, then cities to the industry and service sector. The influx of FDI, expansion of markets, international assistance and aid, globalization, etc. all contribute to the rapid urbanisation. Townships are self-sufficient, self-managed and self-governed units, with well-defined and well-designed residential, commercial, retail and recreational areas; has integrated waste management systems, water resource management systems, and other amenities in place thus reducing the pressure on the local governing bodies and the city resources.
This rapid growth has a significant impact on the environment, resource consumption (water demand and energy demand) and pollution potential (solid and liquid waste generation as well as air pollution).